The aim of this thesis was to point out the harmful effects of rodents in the vineyards, to determine their number and display the results of rodenticide usage. The problem is that a small number of manufacturers pay attention on the harmful effects of rodents in their plantations, although they can cause serious damage and reduce yields. Rodents do damage mainly with malling the roots of vines, but also do damage to the aboveground parts of the vine and even the grapes. Through this research on experimental areas in the vineyard the aim was to detect the rodent activity, their reaction to rodenticides and effectiveness of rodenticides. It is important to draw attention to the toxicity od rodenticides and indicate caution when handling the same.